Use for: Key West (island), Cayo Hueso, Thompsons Island, Thomsons Island

Use for: Cape Breton

Use for: Göteborg , Goteborg , Goteburg

Use for: Türkiye, Republic of Turkey, Turkey, Republic of

• Indigenous Anatolian peoples were invaded by Indo-European Hittites, forming empire ca. 1900 BCE; ruled by Persians 6th century BCE, then Greeks, then Romans 1st century BCE; settled by Turks from central Asia 11th century; was heart of Ottoman Empire 13th-19th centuries; official language is Turkish.

Use for: Sakartvelo, Republic of Georgia, Georgia, Republic of

• Area contained ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia; taken by Rome 64 BCE; became Christian 4th century; ruled by Persia (ca. 555) and Arabs (8th century); invaded by Armenians, Mongols, and Turks (1071 and 1600); annexed to Russia 1801; part of Soviet Union from 1922; official language is Georgian.

Use for: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of

• Area settled extensively by 2000 BCE; various tribes of Caribs and Arawaks developed cultures in area that linked Andes civilizations and those of Caribbean and the Amazon basin; sighted by Columbus in 1498; settled by the Spanish by 1520; part of Gran Colombia 1823-1830; official language is Spanish, though various Amerindian dialects are also spoken.

Use for: Tasmania, State of, State of Tasmania

• Europeans arrived in 1642 (Dutch Tasman); British settled in 1803 as penal colony; had Anglo-Aboriginal conflicts late 19th cen.; Tasmanian Aboriginals were extinct 1876; island has unique animal species, including Tasmanian Devil; largest city is Hobart.

Use for: Tangier

• Ancient Carthaginian and Roman settlement; occupied by Islamic dynasties 705-1471, then Spanish and Portuguese until 1662 when transferred to England; became international city in 1923 governed by international representatives; integrated with Morocco 1956.

Use for: Sūrīyah

• Earliest inhabitants of the area were probably Natufians ca. 10,000 BCE; home to several great cultures, including Akkadians and Amorites 3rd-2nd millenia BCE; ruled by Alexander, Romans, Arabs, and Ottomans; shares name with ancient region covering a wider area; official language is Arabic.

Use for: Lake Ontario

• Serves as boundary between New York state, United States, and Ontario province, Canada; smallest of Great Lakes.

Use for: Lake Erie

• Bounded on the west and north by Ontario province, Canada, on the southwest by Michigan state, on the east by New York state and on the south by Pennsylvania and Ohio states, USA; serves as part of USA-Canada border.

Use for: Saint Vincent, St Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Use for: As Suʻūdīyyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

• Area shares history with Arabian Peninsula; dual kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz formed 1926 by ibn-Saud; later renamed as single kingdom; boundary disputes with neighbors 1930s-1950s; boundaries with Yemen, Oman, and United Arab Emirates are still not defined; official language is Arabic.

Use for: Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Samoa, Samoa, Independent State of, Independent State of Samoa

• Comprises western Samoa Islands; area was settled by Polynesians (probably from Tonga) of lapita tradition by 1000 BCE; large societies developed by 300 BCE; controlled by Germany, Britain, and the United States in the late 19th century; controlled by New Zealand after WW I; official languages are Samoan (a Polynesian dialect) and English.

Use for: Danube

• Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names

Use for: Queen Charlotte Islands, Haida Islands

• Off northwest coast of British Columbia, separated from mainland BC by Hecate Strait, Queen Charlotte Land District.

Use for: Antarctic Continent

Use for: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

• Earliest inhabitants immigrated from Florida or Orinoco basin of South America; was inhabited by Arawaks under threat from Caribs when Columbus visited in 1493; Spanish settlers wiped out Arawaks, brought Africans here as slaves for gold mines & plantations; official language is Spanish, though English is also spoken. Puerto Rico does not have first-order administrative divisions according to CIA World Factbook, instead at the second order it has 78 municipalities.

Use for: Grand Cayman (island)

Use for: Federal Republic of Nigeria

Use for: Iraq, Republic of Iraq , Jumhüriyyat al ʻIrāq, Al Iraq, Al Jumhouriya al 'Iraquia, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻIrāqīyah

• Borders Arctic Ocean to the north, Northwest Territories to the east, British Columbia to the south, and Alaska to the west; site of Mount Logan, nation's highest mountain; contains deposits of silver, lead, gold, and cadmium.

• Situated on the Alaska Highway; connected by rail to Skagway, Alaska & by air to major cities in N America; Yukon headquarters for Royal Canadian Mounted Police; metropolitan area was expanded in the Whitehorse River valley in 1971.

Use for: Congo, République Démocratique du (preferred,C,V,French,U,N) République démocratique du Congo (C,V,O,French-P,U,N) Congo, république démocratique du (C,V,French,U,N) Democratic Republic of the Congo (C,O,English-P,U,N) ............ 1964-1971, and again since May 1997 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (C,O,English,U,N) Democratic Republic of Congo (C,O) ............ name recognized by the US & other nations May 19, 1997 República Democrática del Congo (C,O,Spanish-P,U,N) Congo (Democratic Republic) (C,O,display,English,U,N) Демократическая Республика Конго (C,V,Russian-P,U) 刚果民主共和国 (C,V,Chinese-P,U) جُهور ةً ا ىًوهغو الدّيملراط ةَ (C,V,Arabic-P,U) COD (C,O,ISO3L) CD (C,O,ISO2L) ISO180 (C,O,ISO3N) CG (C,V) CG00 (C,O,FIPS) Congo Kinshasa (H,V) Zaïre (H,V) ............ 1971-1997 République du Zaïre (H,V,French,U,N) ............ 1971-1997 Zaire (H,V) ............ 1971-1997 Republic of Zaire (H,V,English,U,N) ............ 1971-1997 Kongo, Republik (H,V) Belgisch Congo (H,V,German,U,N) ............ 190

• Region had early Niger-Kordofanian populations; was home of important Luba kingdom and Kuba chiefdoms during 16th-18th centuries; Portuguese arrived in 15th century; Belgium claimed the territory in 19th century; official language is French, though English, Lingala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba and over 400 Bantu and Sudanese dialects are also spoken.

• The city of Prague is the largest city in the Czech Republic, its limits encompassing some 192 square miles, and it serves as both the national capital and the capital of the Středočeský region. It is situated on both sides of the Vltava River at the intersection of ancient trade routes across Europe. There is a history of human settlement in the area from Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Celtic periods. The site of Prague itself was settled by the second half of the ninth century CE. A ruling family, the Premyslids, established itself in the region later called Bohemia with Prague as its capital. From 800 to 1306 trade flourished under the protection of the Premyslids and the city grew and prospered, becoming the nucleus for the Bohemian kingdom. It was a brilliant medieval center, with a university founded in 1348 that drew scholars from all over Europe. The city grew to cover both banks of the Vltava River. Prague was the scene of Hussite rebellions in the early 15th century, ultimately put down with much violence by the Hapsburg emperors of Austria who became rulers of Bohemia. The religious strife plus two outbursts of plague sent the city into decline in the 17th century, but it revived with great economic growth in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1918, Prague became the capital of the newly founded nation of Czechoslovakia. Following the end of World War II, restoration of the older sectors and buildings of the city began to take place. In 1968, a growing liberalism within the communist state was crushed by Soviet military occupation. In 1989, rebellion against the communist government was centered in Prague, and with the establishment of the Czech Republic in 1993, it was named the capital. Prague is one of the world's richest centers of culture, its Old Town being declared a World Heritage site in 191992. In the year 200, it was named a European City of Culture. It is famed for its astounding architecture, with churches and civic buildings from the Medieval, Baroque, and Classical periods. Its many churches give it the nickname of the

• Largest settlement in Northwest Territories; situated on N shore of Great Slave Lake; gold was discovered in area in 1934; connected by highway to Hay river & Alberta.

Use for: Cairo, Al-Qāhirah, Al-Qahirah, Al Qahirah

Use for: Brasil , Federative Republic of Brazil

• Large nation comprising the Amazon basin in the north and the Brazilian plateau in south. The area was inhabited by Tupí-Guaraní peoples, who were semi-nomadic and lived in scattered settlements, when it was charted by the Portuguese ca. 1500. European colonization began in 1530. The official language is Portuguese.